箱(xiang)式變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan),又叫預(yu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)式變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)所或預(yu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)式變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)。是(shi)一(yi)種高壓(ya)開關設(she)(she)備、配(pei)(pei)電(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器和(he)低壓(ya)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置,按一(yi)定接線方案(an)排成一(yi)體的(de)工廠預(yu)制戶內、戶外緊湊式配(pei)(pei)電(dian)設(she)(she)備,即將變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器降壓(ya)、低壓(ya)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)等(deng)功能有機地(di)組合在(zai)一(yi)起(qi),安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)一(yi)個防(fang)潮、防(fang)銹、防(fang)塵、防(fang)鼠(shu)、防(fang)火、防(fang)盜、隔熱、全封閉、可移動的(de)鋼結構箱(xiang),特別適用于城(cheng)網(wang)建設(she)(she)與改造,是(shi)繼土建變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)后崛起(qi)的(de)一(yi)種嶄新的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)。箱(xiang)式變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)適用于礦山、工廠企業、油氣田和(he)風力發(fa)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan),它替(ti)代了原有的(de)土建配(pei)(pei)電(dian)房(fang),配(pei)(pei)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan),成為新型的(de)成套變(bian)(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。
箱(xiang)式(shi)變(bian)電(dian)站(簡(jian)稱箱(xiang)變(bian))是一(yi)種把高(gao)壓(ya)開(kai)關設(she)備(bei)配(pei)電(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器,低(di)壓(ya)開(kai)關設(she)備(bei),電(dian)能(neng)計量設(she)備(bei)和(he)無功補(bu)償裝置等(deng)按一(yi)定(ding)的接(jie)線方案組合在一(yi)個或幾個箱(xiang)體(ti)內的緊湊(cou)型(xing)成套配(pei)電(dian)裝置。它適用(yong)于額(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)10/0.4KV三相(xiang)交流系(xi)統中,作為線路和(he)分配(pei)電(dian)能(neng)之用(yong)。
與(yu)(yu)同容量的(de)歐(ou)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)相比較,美(mei)(mei)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)的(de)結構更(geng)為(wei)(wei)合理。由于歐(ou)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)是(shi)將變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)及普通的(de)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電器(qi)(qi)設備裝于同一個金(jin)屬外殼箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)中,變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)室溫(wen)很高(gao),引(yin)起散熱(re)困難,影(ying)響出(chu)力;另(ling)一方(fang)面(mian)在箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)中采用普通的(de)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)負荷(he)開關(guan)和熔斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)、低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)開關(guan)柜,所以(yi)歐(ou)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)體(ti)積較大。美(mei)(mei)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)與(yu)(yu)歐(ou)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)結構上不(bu)一樣。從布(bu)置(zhi)上看,其低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)室、變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)室、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)室不(bu)是(shi)目字(zi)型布(bu)置(zhi),而是(shi)品字(zi)型布(bu)置(zhi)。從結構上看,這種箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)變(bian)分為(wei)(wei)前、后兩部分前面(mian)為(wei)(wei)高(gao)、低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)操作(zuo)間(jian)隔,操作(zuo)間(jian)隔內包括高(gao)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)接線端子,負荷(he)開關(guan)操作(zuo)柄,無載(zai)調壓(ya)(ya)分節(jie)開關(guan),插(cha)入式(shi)熔斷(duan)器(qi)(qi),油位計等;后部為(wei)(wei)注油箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)及散熱(re)片,將變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)繞組、鐵芯、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)負荷(he)開關(guan)和熔斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)放(fang)入變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)油箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中。
避雷器(qi)(qi)也采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)浸式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)金屬氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)避雷器(qi)(qi)。變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)取(qu)消(xiao)油(you)(you)(you)枕,采(cai)(cai)取(qu)油(you)(you)(you)加(jia)氣(qi)(qi)隙(xi)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)恒定原(yuan)則設計(ji)密封式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),油(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)及(ji)散(san)熱器(qi)(qi)暴(bao)露在(zai)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)中,沒有散(san)熱困難(nan)。低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)塑(su)殼(ke)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)作為(wei)(wei)主斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)及(ji)出線斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)。由于(yu)結構簡化(hua),這(zhe)種箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電站的占地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)和(he)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)大大減小,由于(yu)其(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)很(hen)小再加(jia)上只是(shi)一側(ce)(ce)開(kai)門,其(qi)(qi)所需占地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)僅(jin)是(shi)歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)的1/4,體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)僅(jin)為(wei)(wei)同容量(liang)歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)的1/5-1/3。美式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)熔(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)護,低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)塑(su)殼(ke)自(zi)動空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)護,與中國10kV配(pei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)保(bao)(bao)護方式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)同。高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)熔(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)護變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)內部故障,自(zi)動空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)護低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)線路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的過電流(liu)、短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、欠電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)故障。美式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)存(cun)在(zai)的缺點(dian)。由于(yu)負荷開(kai)關(guan)浸在(zai)油(you)(you)(you)里,油(you)(you)(you)被電弧(hu)碳化(hua)、分解,產生乙(yi)炔等有害(hai)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti),使得(de)性能(neng)下(xia)降,曾發生事故。看不到明顯(xian)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)開(kai)點(dian),檢修不方便。因為(wei)(wei)美國低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)(bao)護及(ji)計(ji)量(liang)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與中國不同,美式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)本身不帶低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)(bao)護和(he)計(ji)量(liang)。為(wei)(wei)滿足(zu)國內用(yong)(yong)戶的需要(yao),國產箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)在(zai)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)加(jia)裝低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)配(pei)電柜(ju)。由于(yu)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)長期處于(yu)太陽的直曬下(xia),影響(xiang)塑(su)殼(ke)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)的散(san)熱,使得(de)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)不能(neng)正常開(kai)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)負載及(ji)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)電流(liu),易引(yin)發高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)故障。
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