箱(xiang)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，又(you)叫預裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所或預裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。是一(yi)種高壓(ya)開關(guan)設備(bei)(bei)、配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)和低(di)壓(ya)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)，按一(yi)定接線方案排成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)體的工廠預制戶內、戶外緊湊式(shi)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)(bei)，即將變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)降壓(ya)、低(di)壓(ya)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等功能有(you)機地組(zu)合(he)在一(yi)起(qi)，安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)在一(yi)個防潮、防銹、防塵、防鼠、防火、防盜、隔(ge)熱(re)、全封(feng)閉、可移動的鋼結構箱(xiang)，特別適用(yong)于(yu)城網建(jian)(jian)設與改造，是繼土(tu)建(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)后崛起(qi)的一(yi)種嶄新的變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。箱(xiang)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)適用(yong)于(yu)礦山(shan)、工廠企業、油(you)氣田和風(feng)力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，它替代了原(yuan)有(you)的土(tu)建(jian)(jian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)房，配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，成(cheng)(cheng)為新型的成(cheng)(cheng)套變(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)。

箱式變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(簡(jian)稱箱變)是一(yi)(yi)種把高壓開關設備配電(dian)(dian)變壓器，低壓開關設備，電(dian)(dian)能計量設備和無功補償裝置等按一(yi)(yi)定的接(jie)線(xian)方案組(zu)合(he)在一(yi)(yi)個或(huo)幾(ji)個箱體內的緊湊型成套配電(dian)(dian)裝置。它適用(yong)于額定電(dian)(dian)壓10/0.4KV三相交流系統中，作為(wei)線(xian)路(lu)和分(fen)配電(dian)(dian)能之用(yong)。
與同(tong)容量的(de)歐(ou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)相比(bi)較(jiao)，美式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)結構(gou)更為(wei)合理。由于(yu)歐(ou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)是將變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)及(ji)普通(tong)的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電器(qi)(qi)設備(bei)裝于(yu)同(tong)一(yi)個金屬外(wai)殼箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)(ti)中，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)溫很高(gao)(gao)(gao)，引起散(san)熱(re)困難，影響出力;另一(yi)方面在箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)(ti)中采用(yong)普通(tong)的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)負(fu)荷開(kai)關和(he)熔(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)、低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)開(kai)關柜，所(suo)以歐(ou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)較(jiao)大。美式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)與歐(ou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)結構(gou)上不(bu)一(yi)樣。從布(bu)(bu)置上看，其低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)室(shi)(shi)、變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)室(shi)(shi)不(bu)是目(mu)字型(xing)布(bu)(bu)置，而是品字型(xing)布(bu)(bu)置。從結構(gou)上看，這種箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)分(fen)為(wei)前(qian)、后兩部(bu)分(fen)前(qian)面為(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)、低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)間(jian)(jian)隔，操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)間(jian)(jian)隔內包括高(gao)(gao)(gao)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)線端子，負(fu)荷開(kai)關操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)柄，無載調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)節開(kai)關，插入式(shi)(shi)(shi)熔(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)，油位計(ji)等(deng);后部(bu)為(wei)注油箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)及(ji)散(san)熱(re)片，將變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)繞組(zu)、鐵芯、高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)負(fu)荷開(kai)關和(he)熔(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)放入變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)油箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中。
避(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)(qi)也采(cai)用(yong)油(you)浸式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)金屬氧化(hua)(hua)物避(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)(qi)。變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)取消(xiao)油(you)枕，采(cai)取油(you)加氣(qi)隙體(ti)積(ji)(ji)恒(heng)定原則設計密封式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)及散(san)(san)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)暴露在(zai)空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)，沒有散(san)(san)熱(re)困難。低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)采(cai)用(yong)塑(su)殼(ke)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)作為主斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)及出線斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。由(you)于(yu)結構簡化(hua)(hua)，這種(zhong)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站的占(zhan)地(di)面積(ji)(ji)和(he)體(ti)積(ji)(ji)大大減小(xiao)，由(you)于(yu)其(qi)體(ti)積(ji)(ji)很小(xiao)再加上只(zhi)是(shi)一側(ce)開(kai)(kai)門，其(qi)所需占(zhan)地(di)面積(ji)(ji)僅是(shi)歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的1/4，體(ti)積(ji)(ji)僅為同(tong)容量(liang)歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的1/5-1/3。美(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)采(cai)用(yong)熔斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)采(cai)用(yong)塑(su)殼(ke)自動空(kong)氣(qi)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)，與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)10kV配(pei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相同(tong)。高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)熔斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)內部(bu)故障，自動空(kong)氣(qi)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)線路(lu)(lu)(lu)的過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、短路(lu)(lu)(lu)、欠電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)故障。美(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)存在(zai)的缺點。由(you)于(yu)負(fu)荷開(kai)(kai)關浸在(zai)油(you)里(li)，油(you)被電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧碳化(hua)(hua)、分解(jie)，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)乙炔等有害氣(qi)體(ti)，使(shi)得性(xing)能下(xia)降，曾發生(sheng)事故。看不(bu)到(dao)明顯斷(duan)(duan)開(kai)(kai)點，檢修不(bu)方(fang)便。因為美(mei)(mei)國(guo)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)及計量(liang)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)不(bu)同(tong)，美(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)本身不(bu)帶低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)計量(liang)。為滿足國(guo)內用(yong)戶的需要，國(guo)產(chan)(chan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)在(zai)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)加裝低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)柜。由(you)于(yu)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)長(chang)期處(chu)于(yu)太(tai)陽的直(zhi)曬下(xia)，影響塑(su)殼(ke)斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的散(san)(san)熱(re)，使(shi)得斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)能正常開(kai)(kai)斷(duan)(duan)負(fu)載(zai)及短路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，易(yi)引發高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)故障。