箱式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)，又叫預(yu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)所或預(yu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)。是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種高壓(ya)開關(guan)設備、配(pei)(pei)電(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器和低(di)壓(ya)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)，按一(yi)(yi)定(ding)接線方案排成一(yi)(yi)體的(de)工廠預(yu)制戶內、戶外緊(jin)湊式(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)設備，即將變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器降壓(ya)、低(di)壓(ya)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)等(deng)功能有機地組合在一(yi)(yi)起，安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在一(yi)(yi)個防(fang)潮、防(fang)銹、防(fang)塵、防(fang)鼠、防(fang)火、防(fang)盜、隔熱(re)、全(quan)封閉、可移動的(de)鋼結構箱，特(te)別適用于城(cheng)網(wang)建(jian)設與改造，是(shi)(shi)繼土建(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)之后崛起的(de)一(yi)(yi)種嶄(zhan)新的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)。箱式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)適用于礦山(shan)、工廠企(qi)業、油氣田(tian)和風力發電(dian)站(zhan)，它(ta)替代了原有的(de)土建(jian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)房，配(pei)(pei)電(dian)站(zhan)，成為新型的(de)成套變(bian)(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)。

箱式變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(簡稱箱變)是一種把(ba)高壓開(kai)(kai)關設備配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變壓器，低(di)壓開(kai)(kai)關設備，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)計(ji)量設備和無功補償裝置等按(an)一定(ding)的(de)(de)接線(xian)方案組(zu)合在(zai)一個或幾個箱體內的(de)(de)緊湊型(xing)成(cheng)套(tao)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置。它適(shi)用于額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓10/0.4KV三(san)相交流系統中，作為線(xian)路(lu)和分配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)之用。
與(yu)同容(rong)量的(de)(de)歐(ou)式箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)相比較，美(mei)式箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)結構更為(wei)合理。由(you)于(yu)歐(ou)式箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)是將變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)及(ji)普通的(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電器(qi)(qi)設備(bei)裝于(yu)同一個(ge)金屬外殼箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)中，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)室溫很高(gao)，引起散熱困難，影響出力;另一方面在箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)中采用普通的(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)負荷開(kai)(kai)關(guan)和熔(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)、低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)柜，所以(yi)歐(ou)式箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)體(ti)積較大。美(mei)式箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)與(yu)歐(ou)式箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)結構上(shang)不(bu)一樣。從(cong)布(bu)置(zhi)上(shang)看，其低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)室、變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)室、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)室不(bu)是目字型(xing)布(bu)置(zhi)，而(er)是品字型(xing)布(bu)置(zhi)。從(cong)結構上(shang)看，這種箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)分為(wei)前、后(hou)兩部分前面為(wei)高(gao)、低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)操(cao)作(zuo)間隔，操(cao)作(zuo)間隔內包括高(gao)低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)接線端子，負荷開(kai)(kai)關(guan)操(cao)作(zuo)柄，無載調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)分節開(kai)(kai)關(guan)，插入(ru)(ru)式熔(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)，油位計(ji)等;后(hou)部為(wei)注油箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)及(ji)散熱片(pian)，將變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)繞組、鐵芯、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)負荷開(kai)(kai)關(guan)和熔(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)放入(ru)(ru)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)油箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中。
避雷(lei)器也采(cai)用(yong)油(you)(you)浸式(shi)金屬氧化物避雷(lei)器。變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器取(qu)消油(you)(you)枕(zhen)，采(cai)取(qu)油(you)(you)加(jia)(jia)氣(qi)隙體(ti)積(ji)(ji)(ji)恒(heng)定原則設計(ji)(ji)密封式(shi)油(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，油(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)及(ji)散熱(re)器暴露在(zai)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)，沒有(you)散熱(re)困難(nan)。低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器采(cai)用(yong)塑(su)殼斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器作(zuo)為主斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器及(ji)出(chu)線斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器。由(you)于結構簡化，這種箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)的占地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)體(ti)積(ji)(ji)(ji)大大減(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)，由(you)于其體(ti)積(ji)(ji)(ji)很小(xiao)(xiao)再加(jia)(jia)上只是一側開門，其所需占地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)僅是歐式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)的1/4，體(ti)積(ji)(ji)(ji)僅為同(tong)容量歐式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)的1/5-1/3。美式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側采(cai)用(yong)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器保(bao)護，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側采(cai)用(yong)塑(su)殼自動(dong)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器保(bao)護，與中(zhong)國10kV配(pei)變(bian)保(bao)護方式(shi)相同(tong)。高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器保(bao)護變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器內(nei)(nei)部故(gu)障，自動(dong)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器保(bao)護低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側線路(lu)的過電(dian)流(liu)(liu)、短路(lu)、欠電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)故(gu)障。美式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)存在(zai)的缺點。由(you)于負(fu)荷開關浸在(zai)油(you)(you)里，油(you)(you)被(bei)電(dian)弧碳化、分解，產生(sheng)乙炔等(deng)有(you)害氣(qi)體(ti)，使(shi)得(de)性能下降，曾發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)事故(gu)。看不到明(ming)顯(xian)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)開點，檢修不方便。因為美國低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)護及(ji)計(ji)(ji)量方式(shi)與中(zhong)國不同(tong)，美式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)本身(shen)不帶低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)護和(he)計(ji)(ji)量。為滿足國內(nei)(nei)用(yong)戶的需要，國產箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)在(zai)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側加(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)配(pei)電(dian)柜。由(you)于箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)變(bian)長(chang)期處于太(tai)陽的直曬下，影響塑(su)殼斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器的散熱(re)，使(shi)得(de)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器不能正常(chang)開斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)負(fu)載(zai)及(ji)短路(lu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)，易引發(fa)(fa)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側故(gu)障。