箱式(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站,又叫預(yu)裝(zhuang)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)所或預(yu)裝(zhuang)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站。是一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)開(kai)關設備、配(pei)(pei)電(dian)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)和(he)低(di)(di)壓(ya)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi),按一(yi)(yi)定接線方案排成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)體的(de)工廠預(yu)制戶(hu)內、戶(hu)外(wai)緊湊式(shi)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)設備,即將(jiang)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)降壓(ya)、低(di)(di)壓(ya)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)等功能(neng)有機地組合在一(yi)(yi)起,安裝(zhuang)在一(yi)(yi)個防(fang)(fang)潮、防(fang)(fang)銹、防(fang)(fang)塵(chen)、防(fang)(fang)鼠(shu)、防(fang)(fang)火(huo)、防(fang)(fang)盜、隔熱、全封(feng)閉、可移動的(de)鋼結構箱,特別適(shi)用于城網建(jian)設與改造,是繼土建(jian)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站之后(hou)崛(jue)起的(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)嶄新的(de)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站。箱式(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站適(shi)用于礦山、工廠企業、油氣田和(he)風(feng)力發電(dian)站,它替代了(le)原有的(de)土建(jian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)房,配(pei)(pei)電(dian)站,成(cheng)為新型的(de)成(cheng)套變(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。
箱式變電站(簡稱箱變)是一種把高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)開關設(she)(she)備(bei)配電變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器,低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)開關設(she)(she)備(bei),電能計量設(she)(she)備(bei)和(he)無功補償裝置(zhi)等按一定的接(jie)線(xian)方案組合在(zai)一個或幾個箱體內的緊湊型成套配電裝置(zhi)。它適用于額(e)定電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)10/0.4KV三相交(jiao)流系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong),作(zuo)為線(xian)路和(he)分配電能之用。
與同容量的(de)歐(ou)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)相(xiang)比較,美(mei)(mei)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)的(de)結構更(geng)為(wei)合理。由于歐(ou)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)是將變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)及(ji)普通(tong)的(de)高(gao)壓電器(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)備裝(zhuang)于同一個(ge)金屬外殼(ke)箱(xiang)(xiang)體中(zhong),變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)室溫很高(gao),引起散(san)熱(re)困(kun)難,影(ying)響出力;另一方面(mian)在箱(xiang)(xiang)體中(zhong)采(cai)用普通(tong)的(de)高(gao)壓負荷(he)開(kai)關(guan)和熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、低(di)壓開(kai)關(guan)柜,所以歐(ou)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)體積較大(da)。美(mei)(mei)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)與歐(ou)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)結構上不(bu)一樣(yang)。從(cong)布(bu)置上看,其低(di)壓室、變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)室、高(gao)壓室不(bu)是目字(zi)型布(bu)置,而是品字(zi)型布(bu)置。從(cong)結構上看,這種箱(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)分為(wei)前、后兩(liang)部分前面(mian)為(wei)高(gao)、低(di)壓操作間隔,操作間隔內包括高(gao)低(di)壓接線(xian)端子(zi),負荷(he)開(kai)關(guan)操作柄,無載調壓分節開(kai)關(guan),插入式(shi)熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi),油(you)(you)位計等(deng);后部為(wei)注油(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)及(ji)散(san)熱(re)片,將變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)繞組、鐵芯、高(gao)壓負荷(he)開(kai)關(guan)和熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)放入變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)油(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)。
避(bi)(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)采(cai)用(yong)油(you)浸(jin)(jin)式(shi)(shi)金屬氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)物避(bi)(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)取(qu)消油(you)枕,采(cai)取(qu)油(you)加(jia)(jia)氣(qi)隙(xi)體積(ji)(ji)恒定原則設計密(mi)封式(shi)(shi)油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)及(ji)散(san)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)暴露在(zai)空氣(qi)中(zhong),沒(mei)有(you)(you)散(san)熱(re)困難。低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)采(cai)用(yong)塑(su)殼斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作為(wei)主(zhu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及(ji)出(chu)線(xian)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。由(you)(you)于結(jie)構簡(jian)化(hua)(hua),這(zhe)種箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)電站(zhan)的占地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)和(he)體積(ji)(ji)大(da)大(da)減(jian)小,由(you)(you)于其體積(ji)(ji)很小再(zai)加(jia)(jia)上只是(shi)一(yi)側(ce)開(kai)門,其所需占地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)僅是(shi)歐式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)的1/4,體積(ji)(ji)僅為(wei)同容量歐式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)的1/5-1/3。美式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)采(cai)用(yong)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu),低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)采(cai)用(yong)塑(su)殼自動空氣(qi)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu),與中(zhong)國(guo)10kV配變(bian)保(bao)護(hu)方式(shi)(shi)相同。高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)部(bu)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang),自動空氣(qi)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)的過(guo)電流、短(duan)路(lu)(lu)、欠電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)。美式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)存(cun)在(zai)的缺(que)點。由(you)(you)于負荷(he)開(kai)關浸(jin)(jin)在(zai)油(you)里,油(you)被電弧(hu)碳化(hua)(hua)、分解,產生(sheng)乙(yi)炔等有(you)(you)害(hai)氣(qi)體,使得性能下降,曾發生(sheng)事故(gu)(gu)。看不(bu)到明顯斷(duan)(duan)(duan)開(kai)點,檢修不(bu)方便。因(yin)為(wei)美國(guo)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)護(hu)及(ji)計量方式(shi)(shi)與中(zhong)國(guo)不(bu)同,美式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)本(ben)身不(bu)帶低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)計量。為(wei)滿足(zu)國(guo)內(nei)用(yong)戶(hu)的需要,國(guo)產箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)在(zai)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)加(jia)(jia)裝低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)配電柜。由(you)(you)于箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)長期處于太(tai)陽的直曬下,影(ying)響塑(su)殼斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的散(san)熱(re),使得斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)能正(zheng)常開(kai)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)負載及(ji)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)電流,易引發高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)。
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