箱(xiang)式變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，又叫預(yu)(yu)裝式變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所或預(yu)(yu)裝式變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。是(shi)一(yi)種高壓開關設(she)備、配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)壓器(qi)和低(di)壓配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)，按一(yi)定接線方案排成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)體(ti)的(de)工廠預(yu)(yu)制戶(hu)內、戶(hu)外緊(jin)湊式配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備，即(ji)將變(bian)壓器(qi)降壓、低(di)壓配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)功能有機(ji)地組合(he)在(zai)一(yi)起(qi)，安裝在(zai)一(yi)個(ge)防(fang)潮、防(fang)銹、防(fang)塵、防(fang)鼠、防(fang)火、防(fang)盜、隔(ge)熱、全封閉、可移動的(de)鋼結(jie)構箱(xiang)，特別適(shi)用于(yu)城(cheng)網(wang)建設(she)與改(gai)造，是(shi)繼土建變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)之后(hou)崛起(qi)的(de)一(yi)種嶄新的(de)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。箱(xiang)式變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)適(shi)用于(yu)礦山、工廠企業、油氣田和風(feng)力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，它(ta)替代了(le)原有的(de)土建配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)房，配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，成(cheng)(cheng)為新型(xing)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)套變(bian)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)。

箱(xiang)式變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(簡稱箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian))是一種把(ba)高壓(ya)開關(guan)設備(bei)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器，低壓(ya)開關(guan)設備(bei)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)計量設備(bei)和(he)無功補(bu)償裝置等按一定(ding)的接線方案組合在一個或幾個箱(xiang)體內的緊湊型成套配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置。它適用(yong)于額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)10/0.4KV三相交流(liu)系統中，作(zuo)為線路(lu)和(he)分(fen)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)之用(yong)。
與同容量的(de)歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變相比較，美(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變的(de)結構更為合理。由于歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變是將(jiang)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)及普通(tong)的(de)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)設備裝于同一(yi)個(ge)金屬(shu)外(wai)殼箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)中(zhong)，變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)室溫很高，引起散熱困難，影(ying)響出力;另一(yi)方面在箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)中(zhong)采用普通(tong)的(de)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)負(fu)荷(he)開(kai)關(guan)和(he)熔斷器(qi)(qi)(qi)、低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)開(kai)關(guan)柜，所以歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變體(ti)積較大。美(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變與歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變結構上不一(yi)樣。從(cong)布置上看，其低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)室、變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)室、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)室不是目(mu)字(zi)型布置，而(er)是品字(zi)型布置。從(cong)結構上看，這(zhe)種箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變分為前(qian)、后(hou)兩部分前(qian)面為高、低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)操作(zuo)間(jian)隔，操作(zuo)間(jian)隔內包括高低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)接線端子，負(fu)荷(he)開(kai)關(guan)操作(zuo)柄，無載調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)分節開(kai)關(guan)，插入(ru)式(shi)(shi)(shi)熔斷器(qi)(qi)(qi)，油位(wei)計等;后(hou)部為注油箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)及散熱片，將(jiang)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)繞(rao)組、鐵芯、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)負(fu)荷(he)開(kai)關(guan)和(he)熔斷器(qi)(qi)(qi)放入(ru)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)油箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)。
避雷器(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)采(cai)用(yong)油(you)浸式(shi)(shi)金(jin)屬氧化物(wu)避雷器(qi)(qi)(qi)。變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)取消油(you)枕(zhen)，采(cai)取油(you)加(jia)氣(qi)隙體(ti)積恒定原則(ze)設計(ji)密封式(shi)(shi)油(you)箱(xiang)，油(you)箱(xiang)及散熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)暴露在(zai)空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)，沒有散熱(re)(re)困(kun)難。低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)采(cai)用(yong)塑殼(ke)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)作為主(zhu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)及出線斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。由于結構簡化，這(zhe)種箱(xiang)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站的(de)占地面積和(he)體(ti)積大大減小(xiao)(xiao)，由于其(qi)體(ti)積很小(xiao)(xiao)再加(jia)上只是(shi)一側(ce)(ce)開(kai)門，其(qi)所需占地面積僅是(shi)歐式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)的(de)1/4，體(ti)積僅為同容量歐式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)的(de)1/5-1/3。美(mei)(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)采(cai)用(yong)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)保護，低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)采(cai)用(yong)塑殼(ke)自動(dong)空(kong)氣(qi)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)保護，與中(zhong)國10kV配(pei)變(bian)(bian)保護方(fang)式(shi)(shi)相同。高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)保護變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)內部(bu)故障(zhang)，自動(dong)空(kong)氣(qi)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)保護低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)線路(lu)的(de)過電(dian)流、短(duan)路(lu)、欠電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)故障(zhang)。美(mei)(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)缺點(dian)(dian)。由于負(fu)荷開(kai)關浸在(zai)油(you)里(li)，油(you)被電(dian)弧碳化、分解，產生乙炔等(deng)有害氣(qi)體(ti)，使(shi)得性能下降，曾發(fa)生事故。看(kan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到明顯斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)開(kai)點(dian)(dian)，檢修不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)方(fang)便。因(yin)為美(mei)(mei)(mei)國低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保護及計(ji)量方(fang)式(shi)(shi)與中(zhong)國不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，美(mei)(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)本(ben)身不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)帶低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保護和(he)計(ji)量。為滿(man)足國內用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)需要，國產箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)在(zai)低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)加(jia)裝低(di)(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)配(pei)電(dian)柜。由于箱(xiang)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)長(chang)期處于太陽的(de)直曬(shai)下，影響塑殼(ke)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)散熱(re)(re)，使(shi)得斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能正常開(kai)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)負(fu)載及短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)流，易引發(fa)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)故障(zhang)。