箱式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，又叫預(yu)裝(zhuang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所或預(yu)裝(zhuang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)。是(shi)一種(zhong)高壓開關設(she)(she)備、配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器和低壓配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置，按一定接線方案排成(cheng)一體(ti)的(de)(de)工(gong)廠預(yu)制戶內、戶外(wai)緊湊式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備，即將變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器降壓、低壓配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等功(gong)能(neng)有機地(di)組合在(zai)一起，安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)一個防潮、防銹、防塵、防鼠(shu)、防火、防盜、隔熱、全封(feng)閉、可移動(dong)的(de)(de)鋼結構(gou)箱，特別適(shi)用于(yu)城(cheng)網建設(she)(she)與改(gai)造(zao)，是(shi)繼土建變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)后(hou)崛起的(de)(de)一種(zhong)嶄新的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)。箱式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)適(shi)用于(yu)礦(kuang)山、工(gong)廠企業(ye)、油氣田和風力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，它替代了(le)原有的(de)(de)土建配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)房(fang)，配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，成(cheng)為新型的(de)(de)成(cheng)套變(bian)(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置。

箱式變電(dian)站(zhan)(簡(jian)稱箱變)是一種(zhong)把(ba)高壓開關設備配電(dian)變壓器，低壓開關設備，電(dian)能(neng)計量設備和(he)(he)無功補(bu)償裝置等按一定的(de)接線(xian)方案組合在一個或(huo)幾個箱體內的(de)緊湊型成套配電(dian)裝置。它適(shi)用于額定電(dian)壓10/0.4KV三(san)相交流(liu)系(xi)統中，作為線(xian)路和(he)(he)分(fen)配電(dian)能(neng)之用。
與同容量的(de)(de)歐(ou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變相比(bi)較，美式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變的(de)(de)結構(gou)更為合(he)理。由于歐(ou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變是將(jiang)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及普通的(de)(de)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)備(bei)裝(zhuang)于同一(yi)個金(jin)屬外殼箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體中(zhong)(zhong)，變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)溫很高，引起散熱困(kun)難(nan)，影響(xiang)出力;另一(yi)方面(mian)在箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體中(zhong)(zhong)采用普通的(de)(de)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)負(fu)荷(he)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)和熔(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)柜，所以歐(ou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變體積較大(da)。美式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變與歐(ou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變結構(gou)上(shang)不一(yi)樣。從(cong)布(bu)置上(shang)看(kan)，其低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)室(shi)、變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)室(shi)不是目字型布(bu)置，而(er)是品字型布(bu)置。從(cong)結構(gou)上(shang)看(kan)，這種箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變分為前、后兩部(bu)分前面(mian)為高、低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)操作間(jian)隔，操作間(jian)隔內(nei)包(bao)括高低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)接線端(duan)子，負(fu)荷(he)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)操作柄，無載調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分節開(kai)(kai)關(guan)，插入式(shi)(shi)(shi)熔(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，油位計等;后部(bu)為注油箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)及散熱片，將(jiang)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)繞組、鐵芯、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)負(fu)荷(he)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)和熔(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)放入變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)。
避雷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也采用油(you)(you)(you)浸式(shi)(shi)(shi)金屬氧化(hua)(hua)物避雷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)取(qu)消油(you)(you)(you)枕，采取(qu)油(you)(you)(you)加氣(qi)隙體積恒(heng)定原則設計(ji)(ji)密封式(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)，油(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)及(ji)散(san)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)暴露在(zai)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)中，沒有散(san)熱(re)困難。低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)采用塑(su)殼(ke)(ke)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)為主(zhu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及(ji)出(chu)線(xian)(xian)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)結構(gou)簡化(hua)(hua)，這種箱(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)占地面積和(he)體積大(da)大(da)減小(xiao)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)其體積很(hen)小(xiao)再加上只是(shi)一側開門(men)，其所需占地面積僅是(shi)歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)1/4，體積僅為同(tong)(tong)容量歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)1/5-1/3。美(mei)(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側采用熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)護，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側采用塑(su)殼(ke)(ke)自動空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)護，與(yu)中國(guo)(guo)10kV配(pei)變(bian)(bian)保(bao)(bao)護方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)相同(tong)(tong)。高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)護變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)部故(gu)障，自動空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)護低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側線(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)(de)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)流、短路(lu)、欠電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)故(gu)障。美(mei)(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)存在(zai)的(de)(de)缺點(dian)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)負荷開關浸在(zai)油(you)(you)(you)里(li)，油(you)(you)(you)被電(dian)(dian)弧碳(tan)化(hua)(hua)、分(fen)解，產(chan)(chan)生乙炔等有害氣(qi)體，使得(de)性能下降，曾發(fa)生事故(gu)。看不(bu)到明顯斷(duan)(duan)(duan)開點(dian)，檢修不(bu)方(fang)(fang)便。因為美(mei)(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)(bao)護及(ji)計(ji)(ji)量方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)中國(guo)(guo)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，美(mei)(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)本身不(bu)帶低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)(bao)護和(he)計(ji)(ji)量。為滿足國(guo)(guo)內(nei)用戶的(de)(de)需要(yao)，國(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)在(zai)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側加裝低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)柜(ju)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)箱(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)長期處于(yu)(yu)太陽的(de)(de)直曬下，影響塑(su)殼(ke)(ke)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)散(san)熱(re)，使得(de)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)能正常開斷(duan)(duan)(duan)負載(zai)及(ji)短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流，易引發(fa)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側故(gu)障。