箱(xiang)式(shi)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，又叫(jiao)預(yu)裝(zhuang)式(shi)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所或預(yu)裝(zhuang)式(shi)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)。是一種(zhong)高壓開(kai)關設(she)(she)備、配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變壓器和低(di)壓配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置，按一定接線方案排成一體的工廠預(yu)制戶內、戶外緊湊式(shi)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備，即(ji)將變壓器降壓、低(di)壓配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)功能(neng)有(you)機地組合在一起(qi)，安裝(zhuang)在一個防潮(chao)、防銹(xiu)、防塵、防鼠、防火、防盜、隔(ge)熱、全(quan)封閉、可(ke)移動的鋼結構箱(xiang)，特別適用于城網(wang)建(jian)設(she)(she)與改造，是繼土(tu)建(jian)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)之后崛起(qi)的一種(zhong)嶄新的變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)。箱(xiang)式(shi)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)適用于礦山、工廠企業、油氣田和風力(li)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，它替(ti)代了原有(you)的土(tu)建(jian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)房，配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，成為新型的成套變配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置。

箱式變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(簡稱(cheng)箱變(bian))是一(yi)(yi)種把高壓開關(guan)(guan)設(she)備(bei)配電(dian)(dian)變(bian)壓器，低(di)壓開關(guan)(guan)設(she)備(bei)，電(dian)(dian)能計量(liang)設(she)備(bei)和無功補償(chang)裝置等按一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的接線方(fang)案(an)組合(he)在一(yi)(yi)個或幾個箱體(ti)內的緊(jin)湊型成套(tao)配電(dian)(dian)裝置。它適用(yong)于額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓10/0.4KV三(san)相交流(liu)系統中，作為(wei)線路和分(fen)配電(dian)(dian)能之用(yong)。
與同(tong)容(rong)量的(de)(de)歐(ou)式箱(xiang)變相比較，美式箱(xiang)變的(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)更為合理。由于(yu)歐(ou)式箱(xiang)變是將變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)及(ji)普通的(de)(de)高壓(ya)電器(qi)(qi)設備裝于(yu)同(tong)一(yi)個金屬外殼箱(xiang)體(ti)中，變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)室(shi)溫很高，引起(qi)散熱困難(nan)，影響出(chu)力(li);另一(yi)方面(mian)在箱(xiang)體(ti)中采(cai)用普通的(de)(de)高壓(ya)負荷(he)開關(guan)(guan)和熔(rong)(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)、低壓(ya)開關(guan)(guan)柜，所(suo)以歐(ou)式箱(xiang)變體(ti)積較大(da)。美式箱(xiang)變與歐(ou)式箱(xiang)變結(jie)(jie)構(gou)上不一(yi)樣。從(cong)布(bu)置上看(kan)，其低壓(ya)室(shi)、變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)室(shi)、高壓(ya)室(shi)不是目(mu)字型(xing)(xing)布(bu)置，而是品字型(xing)(xing)布(bu)置。從(cong)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)上看(kan)，這種箱(xiang)式變分為前、后兩部分前面(mian)為高、低壓(ya)操作(zuo)間隔，操作(zuo)間隔內(nei)包(bao)括高低壓(ya)接線端子，負荷(he)開關(guan)(guan)操作(zuo)柄(bing)，無載調壓(ya)分節(jie)開關(guan)(guan)，插入式熔(rong)(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)，油(you)位計等;后部為注油(you)箱(xiang)及(ji)散熱片，將變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)繞組、鐵芯、高壓(ya)負荷(he)開關(guan)(guan)和熔(rong)(rong)斷器(qi)(qi)放入變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)油(you)箱(xiang)中。
避雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)也(ye)采(cai)用油(you)(you)浸式(shi)(shi)金屬(shu)氧化(hua)物避雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)。變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)取消(xiao)油(you)(you)枕，采(cai)取油(you)(you)加氣(qi)(qi)隙(xi)體(ti)積(ji)恒定(ding)原則設(she)計(ji)(ji)密封式(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)，油(you)(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)及散(san)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)暴露在(zai)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)中，沒有散(san)熱(re)困難。低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)采(cai)用塑殼(ke)斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)作為主斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)及出線斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)。由于(yu)結構簡化(hua)，這種箱(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站的(de)占地面積(ji)和體(ti)積(ji)大大減小(xiao)，由于(yu)其體(ti)積(ji)很(hen)小(xiao)再加上只是一側(ce)開(kai)(kai)門(men)，其所(suo)需(xu)占地面積(ji)僅(jin)是歐(ou)式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)的(de)1/4，體(ti)積(ji)僅(jin)為同容(rong)量(liang)歐(ou)式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)的(de)1/5-1/3。美(mei)式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)采(cai)用熔斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)采(cai)用塑殼(ke)自動空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，與(yu)中國10kV配變(bian)(bian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)方式(shi)(shi)相同。高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)熔斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)內部(bu)故(gu)障(zhang)，自動空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)線路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)流、短路(lu)(lu)(lu)、欠電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)故(gu)障(zhang)。美(mei)式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)存在(zai)的(de)缺(que)點(dian)。由于(yu)負荷開(kai)(kai)關(guan)浸在(zai)油(you)(you)里，油(you)(you)被電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)碳(tan)化(hua)、分解，產生乙炔(gui)等有害氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)，使得性能下(xia)降，曾發生事故(gu)。看不(bu)到明顯(xian)斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)點(dian)，檢修不(bu)方便。因為美(mei)國低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)及計(ji)(ji)量(liang)方式(shi)(shi)與(yu)中國不(bu)同，美(mei)式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)本身不(bu)帶低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和計(ji)(ji)量(liang)。為滿足國內用戶的(de)需(xu)要，國產箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)在(zai)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)加裝低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)配電(dian)(dian)柜。由于(yu)箱(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)長期處于(yu)太陽的(de)直(zhi)曬(shai)下(xia)，影響塑殼(ke)斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)散(san)熱(re)，使得斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)不(bu)能正(zheng)常開(kai)(kai)斷(duan)負載(zai)及短路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)流，易引發高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)故(gu)障(zhang)。