箱(xiang)式(shi)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，又叫預(yu)裝式(shi)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所或預(yu)裝式(shi)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)。是一(yi)種高(gao)壓(ya)開關設(she)(she)備、配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變壓(ya)器(qi)和低(di)壓(ya)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置，按一(yi)定接線(xian)方(fang)案排成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)體(ti)的(de)工(gong)廠預(yu)制戶內、戶外緊湊式(shi)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備，即將變壓(ya)器(qi)降(jiang)壓(ya)、低(di)壓(ya)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等功(gong)能有機(ji)地(di)組合在一(yi)起(qi)，安裝在一(yi)個防潮、防銹(xiu)、防塵(chen)、防鼠、防火、防盜(dao)、隔(ge)熱、全封閉(bi)、可移動的(de)鋼結(jie)構箱(xiang)，特(te)別(bie)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于城網建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)與改(gai)造(zao)，是繼土(tu)建(jian)(jian)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)之后崛起(qi)的(de)一(yi)種嶄新(xin)的(de)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)。箱(xiang)式(shi)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于礦(kuang)山、工(gong)廠企業、油氣田和風力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，它替代了原有的(de)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)房，配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，成(cheng)(cheng)為新(xin)型的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)套變配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置。

箱式變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)(簡稱箱變(bian))是一種把高(gao)壓開關設備(bei)(bei)配(pei)電(dian)變(bian)壓器(qi)，低壓開關設備(bei)(bei)，電(dian)能(neng)計量設備(bei)(bei)和(he)無功補償裝(zhuang)置(zhi)等按一定的接(jie)線(xian)(xian)方(fang)案組合在一個或幾個箱體內的緊湊型成(cheng)套配(pei)電(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。它適用于額定電(dian)壓10/0.4KV三相(xiang)交流系(xi)統中，作(zuo)為線(xian)(xian)路(lu)和(he)分(fen)配(pei)電(dian)能(neng)之用。
與(yu)同容量的(de)(de)歐(ou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)相比較，美式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)結構(gou)更(geng)為(wei)合理。由(you)于歐(ou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)是將(jiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)及普通的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)電器(qi)(qi)(qi)設備裝于同一個金(jin)屬外殼箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)中(zhong)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)溫很高(gao)(gao)(gao)，引(yin)起散(san)熱(re)困(kun)難，影響出(chu)力;另(ling)一方面在箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)中(zhong)采用普通的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)負(fu)荷開關(guan)和熔斷器(qi)(qi)(qi)、低(di)壓(ya)開關(guan)柜，所(suo)以(yi)歐(ou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)體(ti)積(ji)較大。美式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)與(yu)歐(ou)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)結構(gou)上(shang)不(bu)一樣。從布置上(shang)看，其低(di)壓(ya)室(shi)(shi)、變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)(shi)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)室(shi)(shi)不(bu)是目字型布置，而是品(pin)字型布置。從結構(gou)上(shang)看，這種箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)分為(wei)前、后兩部分前面為(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)、低(di)壓(ya)操(cao)作間隔(ge)(ge)，操(cao)作間隔(ge)(ge)內包(bao)括高(gao)(gao)(gao)低(di)壓(ya)接(jie)線端(duan)子(zi)，負(fu)荷開關(guan)操(cao)作柄，無(wu)載(zai)調壓(ya)分節開關(guan)，插入式(shi)(shi)(shi)熔斷器(qi)(qi)(qi)，油位計等;后部為(wei)注油箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)及散(san)熱(re)片，將(jiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)繞組、鐵芯、高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)負(fu)荷開關(guan)和熔斷器(qi)(qi)(qi)放入變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)油箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)。
避雷器(qi)(qi)也采(cai)用(yong)(yong)油(you)浸式(shi)(shi)(shi)金屬氧化物(wu)避雷器(qi)(qi)。變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)取消油(you)枕，采(cai)取油(you)加氣隙體(ti)積(ji)恒定原則(ze)設(she)計密封式(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)及(ji)散熱(re)器(qi)(qi)暴露在(zai)(zai)空(kong)氣中，沒有散熱(re)困(kun)難。低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)塑殼斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)作為(wei)主(zhu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)及(ji)出(chu)線斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)結(jie)構簡化，這種箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站的(de)占(zhan)地面積(ji)和體(ti)積(ji)大大減小(xiao)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)其(qi)體(ti)積(ji)很小(xiao)再加上只是一側(ce)(ce)開(kai)(kai)門(men)，其(qi)所需占(zhan)地面積(ji)僅是歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)的(de)1/4，體(ti)積(ji)僅為(wei)同(tong)容量(liang)歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)的(de)1/5-1/3。美(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)塑殼自(zi)動空(kong)氣斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，與中國(guo)10kV配變(bian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)相同(tong)。高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)內部(bu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障，自(zi)動空(kong)氣斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)線路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)流、短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、欠電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障。美(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)存在(zai)(zai)的(de)缺點。由(you)于(yu)(yu)負(fu)荷開(kai)(kai)關浸在(zai)(zai)油(you)里(li)，油(you)被電(dian)(dian)弧碳化、分解，產(chan)生(sheng)乙炔等(deng)有害氣體(ti)，使(shi)得性能(neng)下降(jiang)，曾發生(sheng)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)。看(kan)不(bu)到明顯(xian)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)開(kai)(kai)點，檢修(xiu)不(bu)方便。因為(wei)美(mei)國(guo)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)及(ji)計量(liang)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)與中國(guo)不(bu)同(tong)，美(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)本身不(bu)帶低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和計量(liang)。為(wei)滿足國(guo)內用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)需要(yao)，國(guo)產(chan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)在(zai)(zai)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)加裝低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)配電(dian)(dian)柜。由(you)于(yu)(yu)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)長(chang)期處于(yu)(yu)太(tai)陽的(de)直曬下，影響塑殼斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)散熱(re)，使(shi)得斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)不(bu)能(neng)正常開(kai)(kai)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)負(fu)載(zai)及(ji)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)流，易引發高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障。