箱式變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，又叫(jiao)預(yu)裝式變電(dian)所或(huo)預(yu)裝式變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。是一(yi)種(zhong)高壓(ya)開關設(she)備、配(pei)電(dian)變壓(ya)器(qi)和(he)低(di)壓(ya)配(pei)電(dian)裝置，按一(yi)定接線方案排(pai)成(cheng)一(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)工廠預(yu)制戶(hu)內、戶(hu)外(wai)緊湊式配(pei)電(dian)設(she)備，即將變壓(ya)器(qi)降(jiang)壓(ya)、低(di)壓(ya)配(pei)電(dian)等功能有機地組(zu)合(he)在一(yi)起，安裝在一(yi)個防(fang)潮、防(fang)銹、防(fang)塵、防(fang)鼠、防(fang)火、防(fang)盜(dao)、隔熱(re)、全封閉、可移動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)鋼結(jie)構箱，特別適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)城網建設(she)與改造，是繼土建變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之后崛(jue)起的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)嶄新的(de)(de)(de)變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。箱式變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)礦山、工廠企業、油氣(qi)田(tian)和(he)風力(li)發電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，它(ta)替(ti)代(dai)了原(yuan)有的(de)(de)(de)土建配(pei)電(dian)房，配(pei)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，成(cheng)為新型的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)套(tao)變配(pei)電(dian)裝置。

箱式變電(dian)(dian)站(簡(jian)稱(cheng)箱變)是一(yi)種把高壓開(kai)關(guan)設(she)(she)備配(pei)電(dian)(dian)變壓器，低(di)壓開(kai)關(guan)設(she)(she)備，電(dian)(dian)能計(ji)量(liang)設(she)(she)備和無功(gong)補償裝置等按一(yi)定的(de)接線(xian)方案組合在一(yi)個(ge)或幾個(ge)箱體內的(de)緊(jin)湊型成套配(pei)電(dian)(dian)裝置。它適用于額定電(dian)(dian)壓10/0.4KV三相交流系統中，作為線(xian)路和分(fen)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)能之用。
與(yu)同容量的(de)歐式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)相比較(jiao)，美式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)更為合理(li)。由于(yu)歐式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)是將(jiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器及普通的(de)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電器設備裝于(yu)同一(yi)個金屬外殼箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)中(zhong)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器室(shi)溫很高(gao)(gao)，引(yin)起(qi)散(san)(san)熱困難，影響出力(li);另一(yi)方面(mian)在箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)中(zhong)采用普通的(de)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)負(fu)荷(he)(he)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)熔(rong)斷(duan)器、低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)柜，所以歐式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)體(ti)積較(jiao)大。美式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)與(yu)歐式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)結(jie)構(gou)上(shang)不(bu)一(yi)樣(yang)。從(cong)布(bu)置上(shang)看，其低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)室(shi)、變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器室(shi)、高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)室(shi)不(bu)是目字型布(bu)置，而(er)是品(pin)字型布(bu)置。從(cong)結(jie)構(gou)上(shang)看，這種(zhong)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)分(fen)為前、后兩部(bu)分(fen)前面(mian)為高(gao)(gao)、低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)操作間(jian)隔(ge)，操作間(jian)隔(ge)內包(bao)括(kuo)高(gao)(gao)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)接線端子(zi)，負(fu)荷(he)(he)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)操作柄，無載調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)節開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)，插入(ru)(ru)式(shi)熔(rong)斷(duan)器，油位計等;后部(bu)為注油箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)及散(san)(san)熱片，將(jiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器繞組、鐵芯、高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)負(fu)荷(he)(he)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)熔(rong)斷(duan)器放(fang)入(ru)(ru)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器油箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)。
避雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)也采(cai)用(yong)(yong)油(you)浸(jin)(jin)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)金屬氧化(hua)物避雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)取消(xiao)油(you)枕，采(cai)取油(you)加(jia)氣(qi)隙體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)恒定原則設計(ji)(ji)密封式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)箱，油(you)箱及散熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)暴露在(zai)空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)，沒有散熱困難。低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)塑(su)殼(ke)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)作為主(zhu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)及出(chu)線(xian)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)結構簡化(hua)，這種(zhong)箱式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站的(de)占地面積(ji)(ji)和體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)大(da)大(da)減小(xiao)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)其(qi)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)很小(xiao)再加(jia)上(shang)只(zhi)是(shi)一側(ce)(ce)開(kai)(kai)門，其(qi)所需(xu)占地面積(ji)(ji)僅是(shi)歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)箱變(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)1/4，體(ti)(ti)積(ji)(ji)僅為同(tong)容量歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)箱變(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)1/5-1/3。美式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)箱變(bian)(bian)(bian)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)熔(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)塑(su)殼(ke)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)空(kong)氣(qi)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)，與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)10kV配變(bian)(bian)(bian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)同(tong)。高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)熔(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)內部故障，自(zi)(zi)動(dong)空(kong)氣(qi)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、短路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、欠電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)故障。美式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)箱變(bian)(bian)(bian)存在(zai)的(de)缺(que)點(dian)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)負荷開(kai)(kai)關浸(jin)(jin)在(zai)油(you)里(li)，油(you)被電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧碳化(hua)、分解，產生(sheng)乙炔等有害氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)，使(shi)得性(xing)能下(xia)降，曾發生(sheng)事故。看不(bu)(bu)到明(ming)顯斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)開(kai)(kai)點(dian)，檢修不(bu)(bu)方(fang)便。因為美國(guo)(guo)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)及計(ji)(ji)量方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，美式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)箱變(bian)(bian)(bian)本身不(bu)(bu)帶(dai)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)和計(ji)(ji)量。為滿(man)足(zu)國(guo)(guo)內用(yong)(yong)戶的(de)需(xu)要，國(guo)(guo)產箱變(bian)(bian)(bian)在(zai)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)加(jia)裝低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)柜(ju)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)箱式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)長期處于(yu)(yu)太(tai)陽(yang)的(de)直曬下(xia)，影響塑(su)殼(ke)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)散熱，使(shi)得斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)能正常開(kai)(kai)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)負載及短路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，易引發高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)故障。