箱(xiang)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，又(you)叫預裝(zhuang)(zhuang)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所或預裝(zhuang)(zhuang)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)高壓開(kai)關(guan)設備、配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)和低(di)壓配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置，按一(yi)定(ding)接線方案排成一(yi)體的(de)工廠(chang)預制(zhi)戶(hu)內、戶(hu)外緊湊(cou)式(shi)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備，即將變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)降壓、低(di)壓配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)功能有機地(di)組合在一(yi)起，安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在一(yi)個防(fang)潮、防(fang)銹(xiu)、防(fang)塵、防(fang)鼠、防(fang)火(huo)、防(fang)盜、隔熱、全封閉(bi)、可移動的(de)鋼結構箱(xiang)，特別適用于城網建(jian)(jian)設與改造(zao)，是(shi)繼土建(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)之后崛起的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)嶄新的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。箱(xiang)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)適用于礦山、工廠(chang)企業(ye)、油氣田和風力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，它替代了原有的(de)土建(jian)(jian)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)房，配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，成為新型的(de)成套變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。

箱(xiang)(xiang)式變(bian)電(dian)站(簡稱箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian))是一(yi)種把(ba)高壓開關設備配電(dian)變(bian)壓器(qi)，低壓開關設備，電(dian)能計量(liang)設備和無功補償裝置(zhi)等按一(yi)定的接(jie)線(xian)方案組合在一(yi)個或幾個箱(xiang)(xiang)體內的緊湊(cou)型(xing)成套配電(dian)裝置(zhi)。它適用于(yu)額定電(dian)壓10/0.4KV三相(xiang)交流系統(tong)中，作為線(xian)路和分配電(dian)能之(zhi)用。
與(yu)(yu)同(tong)容量(liang)的(de)歐(ou)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變相比較，美式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變的(de)結(jie)構更(geng)為合理。由(you)于歐(ou)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變是(shi)將(jiang)變壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及普通(tong)的(de)高(gao)(gao)壓電器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)設備(bei)裝(zhuang)于同(tong)一(yi)個(ge)金屬(shu)外殼箱(xiang)(xiang)體中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，變壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室溫很高(gao)(gao)，引起散熱困難，影響(xiang)出力;另(ling)一(yi)方面(mian)在箱(xiang)(xiang)體中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)采用普通(tong)的(de)高(gao)(gao)壓負荷開關(guan)和熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、低(di)壓開關(guan)柜，所以(yi)歐(ou)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變體積較大。美式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變與(yu)(yu)歐(ou)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變結(jie)構上不一(yi)樣。從(cong)布置(zhi)上看，其低(di)壓室、變壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室、高(gao)(gao)壓室不是(shi)目字(zi)型布置(zhi)，而是(shi)品字(zi)型布置(zhi)。從(cong)結(jie)構上看，這(zhe)種箱(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)變分為前(qian)、后兩部(bu)(bu)分前(qian)面(mian)為高(gao)(gao)、低(di)壓操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)間隔(ge)，操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)間隔(ge)內包括高(gao)(gao)低(di)壓接線(xian)端子，負荷開關(guan)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)柄，無載調壓分節開關(guan)，插入(ru)式(shi)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，油位計(ji)等;后部(bu)(bu)為注油箱(xiang)(xiang)及散熱片，將(jiang)變壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)繞組、鐵芯、高(gao)(gao)壓負荷開關(guan)和熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)放入(ru)變壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)油箱(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
避雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)也采用油(you)(you)浸式(shi)(shi)(shi)金屬氧化物避雷(lei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)取消(xiao)油(you)(you)枕，采取油(you)(you)加(jia)氣隙體積(ji)(ji)(ji)恒(heng)定原(yuan)則設計(ji)密封式(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)箱(xiang)，油(you)(you)箱(xiang)及(ji)散熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)暴露(lu)在(zai)空氣中(zhong)，沒(mei)有散熱困難。低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)采用塑(su)殼斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)作為(wei)主斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)及(ji)出線(xian)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。由(you)于(yu)結構簡化，這種箱(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變電站的(de)(de)(de)(de)占地(di)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)體積(ji)(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減小，由(you)于(yu)其體積(ji)(ji)(ji)很小再加(jia)上只是一側(ce)開(kai)門，其所需占地(di)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)僅是歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)變的(de)(de)(de)(de)1/4，體積(ji)(ji)(ji)僅為(wei)同(tong)容(rong)量(liang)歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)變的(de)(de)(de)(de)1/5-1/3。美式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)變高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)采用熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)采用塑(su)殼自動空氣斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)，與(yu)中(zhong)國10kV配變保(bao)護(hu)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)相同(tong)。高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)熔(rong)(rong)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)部故障(zhang)，自動空氣斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過電流(liu)、短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)、欠電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)故障(zhang)。美式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)變存在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺點(dian)。由(you)于(yu)負荷開(kai)關浸在(zai)油(you)(you)里，油(you)(you)被(bei)電弧碳化、分解(jie)，產生乙炔等(deng)有害氣體，使得(de)性能下降(jiang)，曾發(fa)生事故。看(kan)不(bu)(bu)到(dao)明顯斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)開(kai)點(dian)，檢修(xiu)不(bu)(bu)方便。因(yin)為(wei)美國低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)護(hu)及(ji)計(ji)量(liang)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)中(zhong)國不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，美式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)變本(ben)身(shen)不(bu)(bu)帶低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)計(ji)量(liang)。為(wei)滿(man)足國內(nei)用戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要，國產箱(xiang)變在(zai)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)加(jia)裝低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)配電柜。由(you)于(yu)箱(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變長期處于(yu)太陽的(de)(de)(de)(de)直曬下，影(ying)響塑(su)殼斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)散熱，使得(de)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)能正常開(kai)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)負載及(ji)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)電流(liu)，易(yi)引發(fa)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)故障(zhang)。