箱(xiang)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，又叫預(yu)裝式(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所或預(yu)裝式(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站。是一(yi)種高壓開(kai)關設備、配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器和低(di)壓配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置，按一(yi)定接線方案排成一(yi)體的(de)工(gong)廠(chang)預(yu)制(zhi)戶(hu)內、戶(hu)外緊湊式(shi)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備，即將變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器降(jiang)壓、低(di)壓配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等功能(neng)有機地組(zu)合在(zai)一(yi)起，安裝在(zai)一(yi)個防潮、防銹、防塵、防鼠、防火、防盜、隔熱、全(quan)封閉、可移(yi)動的(de)鋼(gang)結構箱(xiang)，特(te)別適用(yong)于城網(wang)建(jian)(jian)設與改造，是繼土建(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站之后崛起的(de)一(yi)種嶄新(xin)的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站。箱(xiang)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站適用(yong)于礦山、工(gong)廠(chang)企業(ye)、油氣田和風力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，它替(ti)代了原有的(de)土建(jian)(jian)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)房，配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，成為(wei)新(xin)型的(de)成套(tao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置。

箱(xiang)式(shi)變電站(簡稱箱(xiang)變)是一(yi)(yi)種把高壓(ya)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)設(she)備(bei)(bei)配電變壓(ya)器，低(di)壓(ya)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)設(she)備(bei)(bei)，電能計量(liang)設(she)備(bei)(bei)和(he)無(wu)功(gong)補償(chang)裝置等(deng)按(an)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的接線(xian)方案組合(he)在一(yi)(yi)個或幾個箱(xiang)體內(nei)的緊湊(cou)型成(cheng)套配電裝置。它適用于(yu)額(e)定(ding)電壓(ya)10/0.4KV三(san)相交流(liu)系統中，作為線(xian)路和(he)分配電能之用。
與(yu)同(tong)(tong)容量的歐式(shi)箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)相(xiang)比(bi)較(jiao)，美(mei)式(shi)箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)的結構(gou)更為(wei)合(he)理。由于歐式(shi)箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)是將變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)及普通(tong)的高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電器(qi)設(she)備裝于同(tong)(tong)一(yi)個金屬外殼(ke)箱(xiang)體中(zhong)，變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)室(shi)溫很高(gao)(gao)，引起散(san)(san)熱困難，影響出力;另一(yi)方面在箱(xiang)體中(zhong)采用普通(tong)的高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)負荷開(kai)關和熔(rong)斷器(qi)、低(di)壓(ya)(ya)開(kai)關柜(ju)，所以歐式(shi)箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)體積較(jiao)大。美(mei)式(shi)箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)與(yu)歐式(shi)箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)結構(gou)上不(bu)一(yi)樣。從(cong)布置(zhi)上看(kan)，其低(di)壓(ya)(ya)室(shi)、變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)室(shi)、高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)室(shi)不(bu)是目(mu)字(zi)型布置(zhi)，而是品字(zi)型布置(zhi)。從(cong)結構(gou)上看(kan)，這種(zhong)箱(xiang)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)分為(wei)前、后兩(liang)部分前面為(wei)高(gao)(gao)、低(di)壓(ya)(ya)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)間隔，操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)間隔內(nei)包(bao)括高(gao)(gao)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)接線(xian)端子(zi)，負荷開(kai)關操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)柄，無載調壓(ya)(ya)分節開(kai)關，插入式(shi)熔(rong)斷器(qi)，油位計(ji)等;后部為(wei)注油箱(xiang)及散(san)(san)熱片，將變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)繞組、鐵芯(xin)、高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)負荷開(kai)關和熔(rong)斷器(qi)放入變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)油箱(xiang)中(zhong)。
避雷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也采(cai)用油(you)浸(jin)式(shi)(shi)(shi)金屬(shu)氧化物避雷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)取(qu)消油(you)枕，采(cai)取(qu)油(you)加氣隙體積恒(heng)定原則設計密(mi)封式(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)箱(xiang)，油(you)箱(xiang)及散(san)熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)暴露在空氣中，沒有散(san)熱(re)困難。低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)采(cai)用塑殼(ke)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作為主斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及出線斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。由(you)(you)于結構簡化，這(zhe)種箱(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)電站的(de)(de)占地面(mian)積和體積大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減小，由(you)(you)于其體積很小再加上只(zhi)是一(yi)側(ce)(ce)開(kai)門(men)，其所(suo)需(xu)占地面(mian)積僅(jin)是歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)變(bian)的(de)(de)1/4，體積僅(jin)為同容量(liang)歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)變(bian)的(de)(de)1/5-1/3。美式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)變(bian)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)采(cai)用熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)，低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)采(cai)用塑殼(ke)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)空氣斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)，與中國(guo)(guo)(guo)10kV配變(bian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)相同。高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)熔斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內部故(gu)障，自(zi)動(dong)(dong)空氣斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)線路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)過電流、短路(lu)(lu)、欠電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)故(gu)障。美式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)變(bian)存在的(de)(de)缺點(dian)。由(you)(you)于負荷開(kai)關浸(jin)在油(you)里，油(you)被(bei)電弧碳化、分(fen)解，產生乙(yi)炔等有害氣體，使得性能(neng)下降，曾發生事(shi)故(gu)。看不到明顯斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)開(kai)點(dian)，檢修不方(fang)便。因為美國(guo)(guo)(guo)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)及計量(liang)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)與中國(guo)(guo)(guo)不同，美式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)變(bian)本身不帶(dai)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)和計量(liang)。為滿足國(guo)(guo)(guo)內用戶(hu)的(de)(de)需(xu)要，國(guo)(guo)(guo)產箱(xiang)變(bian)在低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)加裝(zhuang)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)配電柜。由(you)(you)于箱(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)長期(qi)處于太陽的(de)(de)直曬下，影響塑殼(ke)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)散(san)熱(re)，使得斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不能(neng)正常開(kai)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)負載及短路(lu)(lu)電流，易引發高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)故(gu)障。