箱(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，又(you)叫預裝式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所或預裝式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。是一(yi)(yi)種高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)開關(guan)設(she)備、配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器和低壓(ya)(ya)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)，按(an)一(yi)(yi)定接線方案(an)排成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)體的工廠(chang)預制戶(hu)內、戶(hu)外緊湊式(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備，即將變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器降壓(ya)(ya)、低壓(ya)(ya)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等功能有(you)機地組(zu)合在一(yi)(yi)起(qi)，安裝在一(yi)(yi)個防潮(chao)、防銹、防塵、防鼠、防火(huo)、防盜、隔熱、全(quan)封閉、可移動(dong)的鋼結構箱(xiang)，特(te)別適用于城網建(jian)設(she)與改(gai)造，是繼土建(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)之后崛起(qi)的一(yi)(yi)種嶄新(xin)的變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。箱(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)適用于礦山、工廠(chang)企業、油(you)氣田和風(feng)力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，它(ta)替代了原有(you)的土建(jian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)房，配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，成(cheng)為新(xin)型(xing)的成(cheng)套變(bian)(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)。

箱式變(bian)電站(簡稱箱變(bian))是一種把高壓(ya)開關(guan)(guan)設備配電變(bian)壓(ya)器，低壓(ya)開關(guan)(guan)設備，電能計量設備和無功補(bu)償(chang)裝置等按一定的(de)接線方案(an)組合在一個或幾個箱體內的(de)緊湊型成(cheng)套(tao)配電裝置。它適(shi)用于額定電壓(ya)10/0.4KV三相交流系統中，作為線路和分配電能之用。
與同容量的歐式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變相比(bi)較，美式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變的結(jie)構(gou)(gou)更(geng)為(wei)(wei)合(he)理。由于歐式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變是將(jiang)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)及普通(tong)的高壓(ya)(ya)電器(qi)設備裝于同一個金屬外殼箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體中，變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)室溫很高，引起散熱困難，影響出(chu)力;另一方面(mian)在箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體中采用(yong)普通(tong)的高壓(ya)(ya)負荷(he)開(kai)(kai)關和熔斷器(qi)、低壓(ya)(ya)開(kai)(kai)關柜，所以(yi)歐式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變體積較大(da)。美式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變與歐式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變結(jie)構(gou)(gou)上不一樣(yang)。從布置(zhi)(zhi)上看，其低壓(ya)(ya)室、變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)室、高壓(ya)(ya)室不是目字型(xing)布置(zhi)(zhi)，而是品字型(xing)布置(zhi)(zhi)。從結(jie)構(gou)(gou)上看，這種箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)變分為(wei)(wei)前(qian)、后兩部(bu)分前(qian)面(mian)為(wei)(wei)高、低壓(ya)(ya)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)間隔，操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)間隔內包(bao)括(kuo)高低壓(ya)(ya)接(jie)線端子，負荷(he)開(kai)(kai)關操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)柄，無載調壓(ya)(ya)分節開(kai)(kai)關，插(cha)入式(shi)熔斷器(qi)，油(you)位計等(deng);后部(bu)為(wei)(wei)注油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)及散熱片，將(jiang)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)繞組、鐵芯、高壓(ya)(ya)負荷(he)開(kai)(kai)關和熔斷器(qi)放入變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中。
避(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也采(cai)用(yong)油(you)浸式(shi)(shi)(shi)金屬(shu)氧化物避(bi)雷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)取(qu)消油(you)枕，采(cai)取(qu)油(you)加氣隙(xi)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)恒定(ding)原則設計(ji)密封(feng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)及散(san)(san)熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)暴露在(zai)(zai)空氣中(zhong)，沒有散(san)(san)熱困(kun)難(nan)。低壓(ya)(ya)斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)采(cai)用(yong)塑殼斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作為主斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及出線(xian)斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。由(you)于結構簡化，這種(zhong)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)電站的占(zhan)地面積(ji)和(he)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)大大減小(xiao)，由(you)于其體(ti)(ti)積(ji)很(hen)小(xiao)再加上只(zhi)是一側(ce)(ce)開(kai)門，其所需占(zhan)地面積(ji)僅(jin)是歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)的1/4，體(ti)(ti)積(ji)僅(jin)為同(tong)容量(liang)歐式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)的1/5-1/3。美(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)高壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)采(cai)用(yong)熔斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，低壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)采(cai)用(yong)塑殼自(zi)動空氣斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，與中(zhong)國10kV配變(bian)(bian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)相同(tong)。高壓(ya)(ya)熔斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)部故障，自(zi)動空氣斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)低壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的過(guo)電流、短路(lu)(lu)(lu)、欠電壓(ya)(ya)故障。美(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)存在(zai)(zai)的缺(que)點。由(you)于負荷開(kai)關浸在(zai)(zai)油(you)里，油(you)被電弧碳化、分(fen)解，產生乙炔等有害氣體(ti)(ti)，使得(de)性能下(xia)降(jiang)，曾發生事故。看不(bu)(bu)到明顯斷(duan)開(kai)點，檢修不(bu)(bu)方(fang)(fang)便。因為美(mei)(mei)國低壓(ya)(ya)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)及計(ji)量(liang)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)與中(zhong)國不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，美(mei)(mei)式(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)本(ben)身不(bu)(bu)帶低壓(ya)(ya)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和(he)計(ji)量(liang)。為滿(man)足國內(nei)用(yong)戶的需要(yao)，國產箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)(bian)在(zai)(zai)低壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)加裝(zhuang)低壓(ya)(ya)配電柜。由(you)于箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)長期處于太陽(yang)的直曬(shai)下(xia)，影響塑殼斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的散(san)(san)熱，使得(de)斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)能正(zheng)常開(kai)斷(duan)負載及短路(lu)(lu)(lu)電流，易引(yin)發高壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)(ce)故障。